The Risks of Inclusion: Shifts in Governance Processes and Upgrading Opportunities for Small-scale Cocoa Farmers in Ghana ebook

by Anna Laven

Anna Laven Politics and Government English

The Risks Of Inclusion book.

The Risks Of Inclusion book. The Risks Of Inclusion: Shifts In Governance Processes And Upgrading Opportunities For Small Scale Cocoa Farmers In Ghana. This book provides a detailed description and analysis of upgrading opportunities for small-scale cocoa farmers in Ghana.

The risks of inclusion: shifts in governance processes and upgrading opportunities for cocoa farmers in. .

The risks of inclusion: shifts in governance processes and upgrading opportunities for cocoa farmers in Ghana.

2010) The Risks of Inclusion: Shifts in Governance Processes and Upgrading Opportunities for Cocoa Farmers in Ghana (PhD thesis University of Amsterdam). Amsterdam: KIT Publishers. Laven, A. and Pyburn, R. (2015) Facilitating gender inclusive agri-business. Examine whether and how value chain collaboration (VCC) involving tree-crop farmers in Ghana (cocoa and oil palm) and South Africa (macadamia and avocado) can be made more gender sensitive, equitab le and inclusive. The focus is on the co-production of knowledge that helps achieve more equitable terms of VCC engagement, greater autonomy in food production and marketing, and sustainable multi-functional landscapes.

The risks of inclusion. shifts in governance processes and upgrading opportunities for cocoa farmers in Ghana. Published version of the author's thesis (doctoral)-Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2010. Published 2010 by KIT in Amsterdam. Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-219). Summary also in Dutch. 256 p. : Number of pages.

The Risks of Inclusion: Shifts in Governance Processes and Upgrading Opportunities for Small-scale Cocoa . This PhD study provides a detailed description and analysis of upgrading opportunities for small-scale cocoa farmers in Ghana

The Risks of Inclusion: Shifts in Governance Processes and Upgrading Opportunities for Small-scale Cocoa Farmers in Ghana. This PhD study provides a detailed description and analysis of upgrading opportunities for small-scale cocoa farmers in Ghana. It shows how and why producers do, or do not, benefit from bein. More).

The risks of inclusion: Shifts in governance processes and upgrading opportunities for cocoa farmers in Ghana. A smaller proportion of respondents also reported selling cocoa in the ‘light season’ which occurs around April to May, and some households also manage to sell a little cocoa outside of these seasons. Figure 1. Months in which cocoa is sold, percent of cocoa households 100%. 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%. Economic Geography, 86 (4), 351–360. Leach, . Fairhead, . & Fraser, J. (2012). Green grabs and biochar: Revaluing African soils and farming in the new carbon economy.

Prevalence of modern slavery in cocoa agriculture in Ghana and Côte .

Prevalence of modern slavery in cocoa agriculture in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. Cocoa agriculture is generally characterised by small-scale farming, with around 90 percent of the world’s cocoa being produced on small, independent farms of one to five hectares. 17 Production is highly decentralised among an estimated . million small-scale cocoa producers globally18 and cocoa farming is generally the main source of income for families living in cocoa growing communities

MA in Political science Thesis on governance processes within cocoa . Two possible risks: 1. The principle of equal opportunity in practice means that some groups are unintentionally excluded.

2. Targeting the mass can work counterproductive.

This book provides a detailed description and analysis of upgrading opportunities for small-scale cocoa farmers in Ghana. It shows how and why producers do, or do not, benefit from being inserted in a global value chain that is increasingly driven by multinational cocoa processors and chocolate manufacturers. The study contributes to the recent discussions on hybrid governance structures, in which both public and private actors play a role. Ghana provides a unique case because, unlike in other West African countries, its cocoa sector is only partially liberalized. The state still plays a strong role in the cocoa market. As "balancer", the state mitigates some of the risks involved in cocoa production for producers and international buyers of cocoa. However, the state is also a "bottleneck", as it prevents other public, private and civil actors from playing a more active role in the supply chain. The study explores the processes of in- and exclusion of cocoa farmers in value chains and highlights two risks of inclusion. First, for producers the arrangements within the chain are sub-optimal, and do not create incentives for farmers to behave as entrepreneurs. Moreover, farmers do not benefit equally from the arrangements in place. Second, the state is inward oriented and lacks an adaptive approach to global market changes, which entails a risk for the sector as a whole.